可穿戴设备，大数据产业下一前沿

发布时间: 2021-07-14

       近两年有一个非常有趣的潮流，越来越多的商务人士放弃了公司发放的手机而选择自己的手机——即自携电子设备（BYOD）。而IT部门却并时常拒绝他们不使用公司手机的请求，然而，当这一潮流也在管理层与CEO中扩散开，IT部门的拒绝就很难真正有效。因此在这一点上，市场必须找到一个支持消费者移动设备的技术解决方案——可穿戴智能设备。事实上，ABI研究预测，可穿戴设备市场将在未来五年内将达到180亿美元。

       可穿戴技术并不是闻所未闻的新鲜事，但最近它近期正成为科技巨头和市场的宠儿。无论是健身手环、智能手表、谷歌眼镜或是智能戒指，无一不是科技界的头条新闻。智能设备已经成为我们大多数人生活中不可或缺的一部分，这些设备不仅可以作为我们已经高频使用的设备的自然延伸，它们也能以更自然的方式提供和收集信息。

       值得警惕的是，每一波新技术的出现也都伴随着新的安全威胁。连接式智能设备的爆炸增长既使得物联网成为可能，也带来了无数安全漏洞。此外，我们不仅面临一系列安全问题，还有一系列隐私问题亟待解决。

       可穿戴设备与使用者深度绑定的特性对于网络犯罪分子来说是一个很大的诱惑，虽然较小的屏幕、处理器和内存意味着设备上的数据不多，但这些数据却往往是个人最关键的。它可能没有你所有的电子邮件，但它会有主题行和发件人的名字；可能没有你的整个日历，但它会告诉黑客你最近见了谁，以及地点和时间；它可能没有你公司的整个销售渠道，但它可以提醒你本季度目标和进展。

       除了你在手机或平板电脑上已有的数据外，可穿戴设备通常还会收集大量的额外信息。详细的GPS记录不仅揭示了你的实时位置和慢跑的速度；还揭示了你在哪些自动取款机上停留过，以及你去过哪些医疗诊所。心率和运动监测器对跟踪健康状况很有帮助，但它们也能揭示你的很多私人生活。而这些数据，恰恰是身份窃贼甚至勒索者最有利的犯罪条件。

       由于可穿戴设备上的所有这些敏感数据，设计者需要在制造此类设备之前就充分考虑安全与隐私问题。然而，当它们拥有微小的屏幕和用户界面时，设备的安全保障将会比传统智能设备更加艰难。

       不过，谈到安全问题，可穿戴技术也并非一无是处。除了风险之外，它们也带来了一些新的模式与机遇。如果我可以指望用户在任何时候都有小型、智能的个人设备，那么我就可以把它作为用户识别与身份验证的一部分。例如，市面上已经出现了使用FitBit腕带和Pebble手表进行验证的相关应用，这些应用可以使用户更容易地登录查看手机或平板电脑上的隐私数据，如果用户离开了穿戴设备（或把它遗落在出租车上），则可以自动再次锁定数据。

       对于企业来说，如果企业数据被保存在手机或平板电脑上独立的、加密的容器中，那么就有可能更好地控制它的下一步去向。这可能意味着我们可以控制警报流向智能设备，以及控制应用程序之间的数据流。颗粒化的策略控制将让企业更精确地权衡使用这些新设备的风险和回报。

       就像第一波自携设备一样，自携穿戴式设备正在进入企业生活——而且比我们想象的更快。

The idea behind so many business people ditching their company smartphones for their own is BYOD Bring Your Own Device. At first this was a trickle of early adopters wanting to use their own devices, but it soon became a steady stream only for the IT departments to often respond with a resolute 'no'. Pressure steadily built up and soon the demand was not just from the rank and file, but from CEOs as well, for whom 'no' was not an option. At this point a technical solution for supporting consumer mobile devices had to be found and consumer devices flooded the workplace.

It's looking increasingly likely that this is all about to happen again. This time it is wearables. In fact, ABI research predicts that the wearables market is set to reach $18bn in the next five years.

Wearable technology has been around for a few years but recently it seems to be gathering more momentum. Whether it's fitness bands, smart watches, Google Glass or even a ring, so-called wearable technology is making headlines. It makes sense; technology has become an integral part of most of our lives. Not only can these devices act as a natural extension of the devices we already regularly use, but they are designed to provide and collect information in a more natural way.

Unfortunately with every wave of new technology we see new security threats. We're already seeing how the explosion of connected devices - the so-called Internet of Things - has opened up security vulnerabilities. Furthermore, not only is there a new security concern but a host of privacy issues as well.

The deeply personal nature of wearables may well make them a very attractive proposition to cybercriminals. While the tiny screen, processor and memory means that not much data will be on the device, the data will typically be the most important bit. It might not have all your emails, but it will have the subject lines and senders' names. It might not have your entire calendar but it will tell a hacker who you met recently, along with where and when. It might not have your company's entire sales pipeline but it could have alerts for where you are relative to the quarter's targets.

Beyond the data that you already have on your phone or tablet, wearable devices are collecting a host of extra information. Detailed GPS logs don't just reveal where you go and how fast you jog; they reveal which ATMs you stop at and which medical clinics you have visited. Heart rate and motion monitors are great for tracking health -- but they can also reveal a lot about your private life. Access to your wearable devices will be valuable commodity for identity thieves and maybe even blackmailers.

With all this sensitive data on wearable devices, designers need to think about security before they build these things, rather than after. This means having expert involvement early on. However, making the device more secure when they have tiny screens and minimal user interfaces is a tough job. What's the point of getting alerts on your wrist if you can't see them until you tap in the right password on the tiny watch face?

When it comes to security, wearable technology is not all bad news. As well as risks, they present a number of new opportunities too. If I can count on users having small, smart, personal devices with them at all times then I can use that as part of the way that I can identify the user.

What about for businesses? We are already thinking about what wearable devices will mean for companies and what the appropriate controls would be. If you keep your enterprise data in separate, encrypted containers on your phone or tablet then it is possible to control where it goes next. That can mean controlling the flow of alerts to smart devices as well as controlling the flow of data between apps. Fine-grain policy controls will let you trade off the risks and rewards of using these new devices.

Just like the first wave of BYOD, BYOW is coming into the enterprise – and it's coming sooner than you think.

本文转载自：CNBC www.cnbc.com

原文作者：Nicko van Someren

原文地址：https://www.cnbc.com/2014/06/13/wearable-tech-the-next-frontier-for-big-data.html

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